So your ancestor was an axle tree maker—what does that mean? Use this glossary to translate your kin's archaic occupations. For more career guidance, consult A Dictionary of Old Trades, Titles and Occupations by Colin Waters (Countryside Books) and Old Occupations Explained.

• accomptant: accountant


• amanuensis: secretary or stenographer


• axle tree maker: maker of axles for coaches and wagons


• baxter: baker


• bluestocking: female writer


• brewster: beer manufacturer


• cohen: priest


• collier: coal miner


• costermonger: fruit seller


• gaoler: jailer


• hind: farm laborer


• joyner/joiner: skilled carpenter


• lavender: washer woman


• leech/sawbones: washer woman


• peruker: wigmaker


• slopseller: seller of ready-made clothes


• snobscat: shoe repairer


• tide waiter: customs official


• tipstaff: policeman


• vulcan: blacksmith


• webster: weaver


• whitewing: street sweeper